History:
It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan's death the city passed on to his son Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526.
In the year 1556, the great Hindu warrior Hemu Vikramaditya, also known as Samrat Hem Chander Vikramaditya, won Agra as the Prime Minister cum Chief of Army of Adil Shah of the Afghan Sūrī Dynasty. The commander of Humāyūn / Akbar's forces in Agra, Tardi Beg Khan, was so scared of Hemu that he retreated from the city without a fight. This was Hemu's 21st continuous win since 1554, and he later went on to conquer Delhi, having his coronation at Purānā Qil'a in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and re-established the Hindu Kingdom and the Vikramaditya Dynasty in North India.
The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabād and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Emperors Akbar, Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1649.
Since Akbarabād was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arām Bāgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a center for learning, arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabād called Fatehpūr Sikrī. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone.
His son Jahāngīr had a love of gardens and flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Lāl Qil'a. Shāh Jahān, known for his keen interest in architecture, gave Akbarabād its most prized monument, the Tāj Mahal. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtāz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653.
Shāh Jahān later shifted the capital to Delhi during his reign, but his son Aurangzeb moved the capital back to Akbarabād, usurping his father and imprisoning him in the Fort there. Akbarabād remained the capital of India during the rule of Aurangzeb until he shifted it to Aurangabad in the Deccan in 1653. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the city came under the influence of Marathas and Jats and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the British Raj in 1803.

Geography:
Ask anyone about a popular Indian tourist destination, the most likely answer you may expect is Agra. Agra is a world renowned tourist destination. Each year, millions of tourists from different parts of India as well as tourists from far-off foreign countries come to Agra for a vacation. There are a number of tourist attractions and sites that are of great historical importance. The rich cultural, tradition and religious aspects of the city make it a very interesting place to know about.
The city of Agra is in Uttar Pradesh, which is a state located in the northern part of India. It is located at a distance of about 200 kilometers from New Delhi, which is the capital city of the Indian Republic. In geographical terms, the exact location of the city of Agra is 27.18° north and 78.02° east.
The city of Agra is built along the banks of the Yamuna, one of the premier rivers in the nation. The city is located at an average altitude of 171 meters or 561 feet above the sea level. The geography of Agra is such that it is surrounded by the city of Mathura on the northern side. To the south of Agra is Dhaulpur. Firozabad is located on the eastern side of the city of Agra. Fatehabad lies on the south-eastern side of Agra city. To the west of Agra lies Bharatpur. The city of Agra forms a part of the great northern plains.
On the basis of landmass, Agra is the third largest city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The modern city of Agra was founded way back in the 16th century. It was founded by Sikandar Lodhi, who was a king of the Lodhi dynasty. Under the ruling of the Mughal dynasty, Agra was considered to be one of the most powerful and influential cities in India in the medieval period.

Weather:
Agra Weather is sub tropical due to its position (27.18 N 78.02 E) on the earth's surface. Agra is situated at an elevation of 561 feet from sea level.
Agra weather is extremely hot during the summers and pleasantly cool during the winter time. Fog occurs during the winter months. During the monsoon season, Agra city receives heavy rainfall and the weather becomes humid.
For the traveler, Agra weather hovers between extremes-daytime temperatures can rise up to 40 degrees centigrade in the shade during the summer season, while in winters the temperature can plummet to a chilly 4 degrees centigrade. It is recommended that the traveler should avoid the blazing summer (April to June) and the rainy,wet season (July to September).
Agra weather is warmest during the month of July (average temperature: 38 degrees centigrade) and coolest during the month of December (average temperature: 6 degrees centigrade). The wettest month of the year is May.
Rainfall is evenly distributed in Agra city throughout the year.