History:
Mahatma Gandhi attends a Congress Working Committee meeting at Anand Bhavan, Allahabad. Vallabhbhai Patel is to his left, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit to his right. January 1940.
In ancient times, the city was known as Prayag (place of the confluences). According to Hindu religious texts, it is believed to be the where Brahma, the Hindu Creator of the Universe, attended a sacrificial ritual.
For natives of India, Prayag and the district of Kaushambi were important parts of their territory. The area became a part of the Mauryan and Gupta empires of the east and the Kushan empire of the west before becoming part of the Kannauj empire.
Allahabad became a part of the Mughal Empire after their invasion of India in 1526. The Mughal emperor Akbar built a magnificent fort in Allahabad. The city was the scene of Maratha incursions before colonial rule was imposed over India.
In 1765, the British established a garrison at Fort Allahabad. In 1857, Allahabad was active in the Indian Mutiny.
The annual convention of the Indian National Congress was held on the extensive grounds of Darbhanga Castle, Allahabad in 1888 and 1892.
In 1931, at Alfred Park in Allahabad, the revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad killed himself when surrounded by the British Police. In the years of the struggle for Indian independence, the Nehru family homes of Anand Bhavan and Swaraj Bhavan, both in Allahabad, were at the center of the political activities of the Indian National Congress. Thousands of satyagrahis (nonviolent resistors) went to jail. The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a native of Allahabad.

Geography:
Allahabad is located at 25°27′N 81°50′E / 25.45°N 81.84°E in the southern part of the Uttar Pradesh at an elevation of 98 metres (322 ft) and stands at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The region was known in antiquity as the Vats country. To its southwest is the Bundelkhand region, to its east and southeast is the Bagelkhand region, to its north and northeast is the Awadh region and to its west is the lower Doab region.
Allahabad stands at a strategic point both geographically and culturally. An important part of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab region, it is the last point of the Yamuna River and is the last frontier of the Indian west.
The land of the Allahabad district that falls between the Ganges and Yamuna is just like the rest of Doab, fertile but not too moist, and is especially suitable for the cultivation of wheat. The non-doabi parts of the district, which are the southern and eastern part of the district, are somewhat similar to those of adjoining Bundelkhand and Bagelkhand regions - dry and rocky.
The Indian longitude that is associated with Jabalpur also passes through Allahabad, which is 343 km (213 mi) north of Jabalpur on the same longitude.

Weather:
Allahabad is located on the confluence of holy Ganges and Yamuna. The city is based in the Gangetic plains and is close to the Tropic of Cancer. Due to its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer, the city experiences sub-tropical climate. During summers, weather can be as hot as 45° C and humid too. Nights are relatively cooler and temperature dips to the range of 30°C.
Torrential rains and high humidity are the salient attractions of the monsoons that usually come in late June or early July for about two months. On the other hand, winters are pleasant and temperature dips down to about 5°C. In Allahabad, the climatic conditions are most favorable for the tourists between Octobers to April.