History:
The Kumaon Hills came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16), but the hill station town of Naini Tal was founded only in 1841, with the construction of the first European house (Pilgrim Lodge) by P. Barron, a sugar trader from Shahjahanpur. In his memoir, he wrote: "It is by far the best site I have witnessed in the course of a 1,500 miles (2,414 kilometres) trek in the Himalayas."  In 1846, when a Captain Madden of the Bengal Artillery  visited Naini Tal, he recorded that "houses were rapidly springing up in most parts of the settlement: some towards the crest of the limitary ranges were nearly 7,500 ft (2,286 m) above sea level: the rugged and woody Anyarpatta (Anyar-patt - in Kumaoni means - complete blackout. The reason for this nomenclature by the localites was because there were minimal sun rays due to its location and dense forests) was being gradually planted and that the favourite sites were on the undulating tract of forest land which stretched back from the head of the lake to the base of China and Deopatta (Camel's Hump). The Church, St. John in the Wilderness, had been built, ..."  Soon, the town became a health resort favoured both by British soldiers and by colonial officials and their families trying to escape the heat of the plains. Later, the town also became the summer residence of the Governor  of the United Provinces.
By the 1880s, a mere 42 years after its founding, Nainital had become something of an exclusive English preserve, with the Indian presence in the town confined largely to a behind-the-scenes labour and service industry, or to the occasional prince. This state of affairs lasted for much of the Victorian era. The first signs of change came early in the 20th century, when Indian bureaucrats  and professionals began arriving in town as part of the annual migration of the state government of the United Provinces  to Nainital every summer, by 1901 its population had risen to 7609. The next big change came in 1925, when British civil servants began to receive subsidies for taking their annual vacations in England, and, consequently, many stopped going to the hill stations in the summers. From then on until 1947 (excepting the war years), the British presence in Nainital (measured, for example, by home ownership) continued to decline and was gradually replaced by a burgeoning Indian presence.

Geography:
Nainital is located at 29°23′N 79°27′E / 29.38°N 79.45°E / 29.38; 79.45. It has an average elevation of 2,084 metres (6,837 feet).

Weather:
Nainital Weather is pleasant throughout the year. Summers are mildly warm and not hot. The temperatures in the summer reach an optimal 25 degrees centigrade. Nainital weather exhibits cold conditions during winter. The temperature in Nainital dips to sub-zero levels. Nainital offers snowfall to its visitors during the months of December and February.
Nainital has colder climactic conditions than its neighboring regions. The strategic location of Nainital in the valley of the Gagar mountain range-a subset of the mighty Himalayan Ranges- contributes to its temperate weather conditions. Nainital weather is also characterized by the occurrence of heavy rainfall from the month of May up to the month of September.